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lines changed Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change 1515\end {center }
1616\vspace {2ex}
1717
18- \emsl {The fields, in order from left to right:} user name,
18+ \emsl {The fields, in order from left to right:} user name,
1919hashed password (today in \texttt {/etc/shadow } or elsewhere), user ID (aka UID);
2020primary group ID (aka GID), full name, home directory, login shell
2121
4242systems, e.g. FreeBSD or macOS, instead of \texttt {/etc/shadow },
4343\texttt {/etc/master.passwd } database is used.
4444\item If \texttt {/etc/shadow } does exist, it is structured in a similar way as
45- \texttt {/etc/passwd }.
45+ \texttt {/etc/passwd }. The file is actually used as a database, storing e.g.
46+ number of unsuccessful login attempts for given user etc.
4647\item There are also protocols used for authentication that do not use
4748\texttt {/etc/passwd } at all, for example NIS (Network Information Service) or
4849LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol).
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