diff --git a/src/sessions.ts b/src/sessions.ts
index 0788ff15386..f03e6aa479a 100644
--- a/src/sessions.ts
+++ b/src/sessions.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { setTimeout } from 'timers/promises';
+
 import { Binary, type Document, Long, type Timestamp } from './bson';
 import type { CommandOptions, Connection } from './cmap/connection';
 import { ConnectionPoolMetrics } from './cmap/metrics';
@@ -768,7 +770,7 @@ export class ClientSession
 
           if (
             fnError.hasErrorLabel(MongoErrorLabel.TransientTransactionError) &&
-            (this.timeoutContext != null || now() - startTime < MAX_TIMEOUT)
+            (this.timeoutContext?.csotEnabled() || now() - startTime < MAX_TIMEOUT)
           ) {
             continue;
           }
@@ -776,7 +778,7 @@ export class ClientSession
           throw fnError;
         }
 
-        while (!committed) {
+        for (let retry = 0; !committed; ++retry) {
           try {
             /*
              * We will rely on ClientSession.commitTransaction() to
@@ -786,26 +788,53 @@ export class ClientSession
             await this.commitTransaction();
             committed = true;
           } catch (commitError) {
-            /*
-             * Note: a maxTimeMS error will have the MaxTimeMSExpired
-             * code (50) and can be reported as a top-level error or
-             * inside writeConcernError, ex.
-             * { ok:0, code: 50, codeName: 'MaxTimeMSExpired' }
-             * { ok:1, writeConcernError: { code: 50, codeName: 'MaxTimeMSExpired' } }
-             */
-            if (
-              !isMaxTimeMSExpiredError(commitError) &&
-              commitError.hasErrorLabel(MongoErrorLabel.UnknownTransactionCommitResult) &&
-              (this.timeoutContext != null || now() - startTime < MAX_TIMEOUT)
-            ) {
-              continue;
-            }
+            const hasNotTimedOut =
+              this.timeoutContext?.csotEnabled() || now() - startTime < MAX_TIMEOUT;
 
-            if (
-              commitError.hasErrorLabel(MongoErrorLabel.TransientTransactionError) &&
-              (this.timeoutContext != null || now() - startTime < MAX_TIMEOUT)
-            ) {
-              break;
+            /**
+             * will the provided backoffMS exceed the withTransaction's deadline?
+             */
+            const willExceedTransactionDeadline = (backoffMS: number) => {
+              return (
+                (this.timeoutContext?.csotEnabled() &&
+                  backoffMS > this.timeoutContext.remainingTimeMS) ||
+                now() + backoffMS > startTime + MAX_TIMEOUT
+              );
+            };
+
+            // If CSOT is enabled, we repeatedly retry until timeoutMS expires.
+            // If CSOT is not enabled, do we still have time remaining or have we timed out?
+            if (hasNotTimedOut) {
+              if (
+                !isMaxTimeMSExpiredError(commitError) &&
+                commitError.hasErrorLabel(MongoErrorLabel.UnknownTransactionCommitResult)
+              ) {
+                /*
+                 * Note: a maxTimeMS error will have the MaxTimeMSExpired
+                 * code (50) and can be reported as a top-level error or
+                 * inside writeConcernError, ex.
+                 * { ok:0, code: 50, codeName: 'MaxTimeMSExpired' }
+                 * { ok:1, writeConcernError: { code: 50, codeName: 'MaxTimeMSExpired' } }
+                 */
+
+                const BACKOFF_INITIAL_MS = 1;
+                const BACKOFF_MAX_MS = 500;
+                const jitter = Math.random();
+                const backoffMS =
+                  jitter * Math.min(BACKOFF_INITIAL_MS * 1.25 ** retry, BACKOFF_MAX_MS);
+
+                if (willExceedTransactionDeadline(backoffMS)) {
+                  break;
+                }
+
+                await setTimeout(backoffMS);
+
+                continue;
+              }
+
+              if (commitError.hasErrorLabel(MongoErrorLabel.TransientTransactionError)) {
+                break;
+              }
             }
 
             throw commitError;
diff --git a/test/integration/transactions-convenient-api/transactions-convenient-api.prose.test.ts b/test/integration/transactions-convenient-api/transactions-convenient-api.prose.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..16a03f8b368
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/integration/transactions-convenient-api/transactions-convenient-api.prose.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+import { expect } from 'chai';
+import { test } from 'mocha';
+
+import { type CommandFailedEvent, type MongoClient } from '../../mongodb';
+import { configureFailPoint } from '../../tools/utils';
+import { filterForCommands } from '../shared';
+
+describe('Retry Backoff is Enforced', function () {
+  // Drivers should test that retries within `withTransaction` do not occur immediately. Optionally, set BACKOFF_INITIAL to a
+  // higher value to decrease flakiness of this test. Configure a fail point that forces 30 retries. Check that the total
+  // time for all retries exceeded 1.25 seconds.
+
+  let client: MongoClient;
+  let failures: Array<CommandFailedEvent>;
+
+  beforeEach(async function () {
+    client = this.configuration.newClient({}, { monitorCommands: true });
+
+    failures = [];
+    client.on('commandFailed', filterForCommands('commitTransaction', failures));
+
+    await client.connect();
+
+    await configureFailPoint(this.configuration, {
+      configureFailPoint: 'failCommand',
+      mode: {
+        times: 30
+      },
+      data: {
+        failCommands: ['commitTransaction'],
+        errorCode: 24,
+        errorLabels: ['UnknownTransactionCommitResult']
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  afterEach(async function () {
+    await client?.close();
+  });
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < 250; ++i) {
+    test.only('works' + i, async function () {
+      const start = performance.now();
+
+      await client.withSession(async s => {
+        await s.withTransaction(async s => {
+          await client.db('foo').collection('bar').insertOne({ name: 'bailey' }, { session: s });
+        });
+      });
+
+      const end = performance.now();
+
+      expect(failures).to.have.lengthOf(30);
+
+      expect(end - start).to.be.greaterThan(1250);
+    });
+  }
+});
diff --git a/test/tools/unified-spec-runner/entities.ts b/test/tools/unified-spec-runner/entities.ts
index 4e238567fd4..f332e2de332 100644
--- a/test/tools/unified-spec-runner/entities.ts
+++ b/test/tools/unified-spec-runner/entities.ts
@@ -629,10 +629,10 @@ export class EntitiesMap<E = Entity> extends Map<string, E> {
           if (entity.client.awaitMinPoolSizeMS) {
             if (client.topology?.s?.servers) {
               const timeout = Timeout.expires(entity.client.awaitMinPoolSizeMS);
-              const servers = client.topology.s.servers.values();
-              const poolSizeChecks = Array.from(servers).map(server =>
-                checkMinPoolSize(server.pool)
+              const servers = Array.from(client.topology.s.servers.values()).filter(
+                ({ description: { isDataBearing } }) => isDataBearing
               );
+              const poolSizeChecks = servers.map(server => checkMinPoolSize(server.pool));
               try {
                 await Promise.race([Promise.allSettled(poolSizeChecks), timeout]);
               } catch (error) {