Add palindrome checking function in Ruby

[ITZ-NIHALPATEL]

Palindrome Number Checking in Ruby

This pull request adds a new Ruby function for checking if an integer is a palindrome, with clear documentation and example usage. The function performs the check without converting the integer to a string and properly handles negative numbers and single-digit cases.

Palindrome number checking:

• Added a new function is_palindrome in maths/palindrome.rb to determine if an integer is a palindrome without string conversion, including handling of negative numbers and single-digit cases.
• Included comprehensive documentation and example usages to demonstrate the function's behavior for various inputs.Checks if a given integer is a palindrome without converting it to a string.
  A palindrome is a number that reads the same backward as forward.
  Negative numbers are not considered palindromes by this definition.